- Image by amber in norfolk via Flickr
Originally, there were three prototypes of parenting styles as described by Diana Baumrind in 1966. She described each parenting style – Authoritative, Authoritarian and Permissive – in her most cited paper, Child care practices anteceding three patterns of preschool behavior, which was published in 1967.
According to the site DevPsy.org, each parenting style produced certain common qualities in children exposed to the same dominant parental behavior. The following lists those qualities under each parenting style:
Authoritative Parenting
- lively and happy disposition
- self-confident about ability to master tasks.
- well developed emotion regulation
- developed social skills
- less rigid about gender-typed traits (exp: sensitivity in boys and independence in girls)
Authoritarian Parenting
- anxious, withdrawn, and unhappy disposition
- poor reactions to frustration (girls are particularly likely to give up and boys become especially hostile)
- do well in school (studies may show authoritative parenting is comparable)
- not likely to engage in antisocial activities (exp: drug and alcohol abuse, vandalism, gangs)
Permissive Parenting
- poor emotion regulation (under regulated)
- rebellious and defiant when desires are challenged.
- low persistence to challenging tasks
- antisocial behaviors
As always, the developmental psychologists believed in the effectiveness of the Authoritative parenting style over the other two in bringing up healthy and happy adolescents.
